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ICL Lebanon

Country: Lebanon

Constitutional background, history and legislative information.

Lebanon IndexConstitution (1990) Lebanese Center for Political Studies The Taef Agreement Constitutional BackgroundA subsequent amendment changed Art. 49, but had only temporary effect. Therefore, the current ICL edition most probably reflects the status of June 2000. Nevertheless, we keep the last verfiable date as the official status date of this document.History and News4 Aug 2004: The Lebanese Parliament amends article 49 of the Constitution in order to prorogate the president of the Republics term for three years. This exceptional constitutional amendment is only applicable to the actual president. However, it is not the first time that presidential elections are avoided by way of exceptional constitutional amendment.27 May 2004: In Beiruts poorest suburbs, the Lebanese army opened fire at the participants of a general strike against the economic situation, killing 5 and wounding several.13 Aug 2003: UNIFIL asks the Israeli military to respect the UN-drawn frontier and Hizbullah again opens fire on Israeli fighter jets.10 Aug 2003: During cross-border attacks between Hizbullah and Israel, a teenage boy is killed in Shlomi, Northern Israel. Hizbullah claims it was anti-aircraft fire meant to hit an Israeli warplane violating Lebanese airspace. Israel responds by destroying a Hizbullah cannon with an air strike in South Lebanon and by breaking the sound barrier over Beirut for the first time since 2000.Feb 2003: Syria pulls out troops from Lebanon. After it pulled out its troops of Beirut in 2001 and of Mount Lebanon in 2002, Syria now announces a redeployment of troops from the North.4 March 2002: By his historic and exceptionnal visit to Lebanon by air, the first of its kind in over 30 years, the Syrian president, Bashar Assad, recognizes the Lebanese state entity. By this occasion, the Higher Lebanese-Syrian Council was to convene for the first time in Lebanon and will from now on meet each year, as stipulated in the Taif accord.11 Dec 2000: Severe discussions among Lebanese political groups about the Syrian military presence and economic influence in Lebanon may have also led to the release of 54 Lebanese detainees out of Syrian prisons.7 Nov 2000: The vote of confidence accomplishes the formation of the Lebanese Government. During the discussion of the Cabinets general statement of policy, parliament sees harsh disputes about the syrian (military) presence for the first time in 25 years.22 Oct 2000: Arab leaders at the extraordinary Arab summit in Cairo recognize Lebanese sovereignity over the Shebaa farms, which are still occupied by Israel. Since the Israelian retreat of South Lebanon, Hizbullah and the Lebanese government claim these farms to be part of UN-resolution 425: being Lebanese territory, Israel still has to restitute them to Lebanon. For Israel, the Shebaa-farms belong to UN-resolution 242. Therefore, Israel argues, they are Syrian territory and do not have to be returned to Lebanon.8 Oct 2000: After months of declaring that

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