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Byblos Jbeil info

Country: Lebanon

Detailed information about Byblos Jbeil city in Lebanon.

Your continued donations keep Wikipedia runningByblosFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchCoordinates: 34°07?25?N, 35°39?04?EThe ruins of the Crusader castle in Byblos.Byblos (??????) is the Greek name of the Phoenician city Gebal (earlier Gubla). It is a Mediterranean city in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of present-day Lebanon under the current Arabic name of Jbeil (ÌÈíá ?ubayl). According to fragments attributed to the semi-legendary pre-Trojan war Phoenician historian Sanchuniathon, it was the first city ever built, and even today is believed by many to be the oldest continuously-inhabited city in the world #160;; see List of oldest continuously inhabited cities for further information.Contents1 Ancient history2 Roman period3 Bibliography4 See also[edit]Ancient historyIt was known to the ancient Egyptians as Keben and Kepen (probably pronounced */g-b-l/). The Greeks apparently called it Byblos because it was through Gebal that bublos (?????? [Egyptian papyrus]) was imported into Greece. Although it is still referred to as Byblos by scholars, the city is now known by the Arabic name Jubayl or Jbeil (ÌÈíá), a direct descendant of the Canaanite name.Byblos is located on the Mediterranean coast of present-day Lebanon, about 26 miles (42 kilometers) north of Beirut. It is attractive to archaeologists because of the successive layers of debris resulting from centuries of human habitation. In 1860, the French writer, Ernest Renan carried out an excavation here, but systematic archaeological investigation did not take place until the 1920s.The site first appears to have been settled during the Neolithic period, approximately 5000 BC; according to the writer Philo of Byblos (quoting Sanchuniathon, and quoted in Eusebius), Byblos had the reputation of being the oldest city in the world, founded by Cronus, and was also where Thoth invented writing. During the 3rd millennium BC, the first signs of a town can be observed, with the remains of well-built houses of uniform size. This was the period when the Phoenician civilisation began to develop, and archaeologists have recovered Egyptian-made artifacts dated as early as the Fourth dynasty of Egypt. The growing city was evidently a wealthy one.By about 1200 BC, archaeological evidence at Byblos shows clear evidence of an alphabetic script which consisted of twenty-two characters; an important example of this script is the sarcophagus of king Ahiram. One of the most important monuments of this period is the temple of Resheph, a Canaanite war god, but this had fallen into ruins by the time of Hellenistic rule and the arrival of Alexander the Great in the area in 332 BC. Coinage was already in use, and there is abundant evidence of trade with other Mediterranean countries.It is interesting to note that Greek has a second word for papyrus, ?????? bublos (said to derive from the name of the Phoenician city of Byblos). The word Bible is believed to derive from the citys name.[edit]Roma

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