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Atlapedia Online Lebanon
Country: Lebanon
Background and general information about Lebanon.
OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Lebanon CAPITAL: Beirut SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT: Unitary Multiparty Republic AREA: 10,452 Sq Km (4,036 Sq Mi) ESTIMATED 2000 POPULATION: 3,319,800 LOCATION amp; GEOGRAPHY: Lebanon is located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the Middle East. It is bound by Syria to the north and east, Israel to the south and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. The country can be divided into four topographical regions (1.) The coastal plain which is a narrow strip in the north. (2.) The coastal mountain range or Lebanon Mountains which are a series of crests and ridges. (3.) The Central Plateau which consists of the Syrian Plain and part of the Biqa valley. (4.) The eastern mountain range which comprises the remainder of the Biqa Valley and rises to form the Jabal ash Sharqi or Anti-Lebanon Mountains as well as the Jabal ash Shaikh or Mt. Hermon, which forms the eastern border with Syria. The two principal rivers are the Orontes and the Litani or Leontes. Major Cities (pop. est.); Beirut 1,100,000, Tripoli 240,000, Zahlah 48,000, Sayda (Sidon) 40,500 (1991). Land Use; forested 8%, pastures 1%, agricultural-cultivated 30%, other 61% (1993).CLIMATE: Lebanon has a Mediterranean climate with a wide variationin climatic conditions. Summers are generally hot and dry while wintersare warm and moist. Temperatures and precipitation vary depending on altitude,while winters are cooler on the central plateau region and on the coast.Precipitation, in general, decreases from west to east, with most rainfalloccurring in the winter months. Average annual precipitation in Beirutis 920 mm (36 inches) and average temperature ranges are from 11 to 17degrees Celsius (52 to 63 degrees Fahrenheit) in January to 23 to 32 degreesCelsius (73 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit) in August.PEOPLE: The principal ethnic majority are the Lebanese Arabswho account for 83% of the population while Palestinian Arabs account for10%. The remainder are comprised of other ethnic minorities and includeArmenians, the largest ethnic minority accounting for 5% of the population,Assyrians, Kurds, Jews, Turks and Greeks.DEMOGRAPHIC/VITAL STATISTICS: Density; 268 persons per sq km(695 persons per sq mi) (1991). Urban-Rural; 83.7% urban, 16.3% rural (1990).Sex Distribution; 48.6% male, 51.4% female (1990). Life Expectancy at Birth;61.5 years male, 69.0 years female (1990). Age Breakdown; 35% under 15,31% 15 to 29, 15% 30 to 44, 10% 45 to 59, 7% 60 to 74, 2% 75 and over (1990).Birth Rate; 31.7 per 1,000 (1990). Death Rate; 8.7 per 1,000 (1990). IncreaseRate; 23.0 per 1,000 (1990). Infant Mortality Rate; 44.0 per 1,000 livebirths (1990).RELIGIONS: Around 40% of the population are Christians mainlyMaronite or Greek Orthodox, Assyrian Catholic, Roman Catholic and Protestant.While around 60% of the population are either Sunni, Shiite or Druze Muslims.LANGUAGES: The official language is Arabic, although French andEnglish are used for government and diplomatic purposes. Other minoritylang
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